Jayway JsonPath

A Java DSL for reading JSON documents.

Getting Started

JsonPath is available at the Central Maven Repository. Maven users add this to your POM.

<dependency>
<groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>
<artifactId>json-path</artifactId>
<version>2.6.0</version>
</dependency>

If you need help ask questions at Stack Overflow. Tag the question ‘jsonpath’ and ‘java’.

JsonPath expressions always refer to a JSON structure in the same way as XPath expression are used in combination with an XML document. The “root member object” in JsonPath is always referred to as $ regardless if it is an object or array.

JsonPath expressions can use the dot–notation

$.store.book[0].title

or the bracket–notation

$['store']['book'][0]['title']

[ dot-notation 点语法 ]
[ bracket–notation 括号语法 ]

Operators

Operator Description
$ The root element to query. This starts all path expressions.
@ The current node being processed by a filter predicate.
* Wildcard. Available anywhere a name or numeric are required.
.. Deep scan. Available anywhere a name is required.
.<name> Dot-notated child
['<name>' (, '<name>')] Bracket-notated child or children
[<number> (, <number>)] Array index or indexes
[start:end] Array slice operator
[?(<expression>)] Filter expression. Expression must evaluate to a boolean value.

Functions

Functions can be invoked at the tail end of a path - the input to a function is the output of the path expression. The function output is dictated by the function itself.

函数可以在path的尾端调用,函数的输入是path表达式的输出,函数输出由函数本身决定。

Function Description Output type
min() Provides the min value of an array of numbers Double
max() Provides the max value of an array of numbers Double
avg() Provides the average value of an array of numbers Double
stddev() Provides the standard deviation value of an array of numbers (标准差) Double
length() Provides the length of an array Integer
sum() Provides the sum value of an array of numbers Double
keys() Provides the property keys (An alternative for terminal tilde ~) Set<E>
concat(X) Provides a concatinated version of the path output with a new item like input
append(X) add an item to the json path output array like input

Filter Operators

Filters are logical expressions used to filter arrays. A typical filter would be [?(@.age > 18)] where @ represents the current item being processed. More complex filters can be created with logical operators && and ||. String literals must be enclosed by single or double quotes ([?(@.color == 'blue')] or [?(@.color == "blue")]).

Operator Description
== left is equal to right (note that 1 is not equal to ‘1’)
!= left is not equal to right
< left is less than right
<= left is less or equal to right
> left is greater than right
>= left is greater than or equal to right
=~ left matches regular expression [?(@.name =~ /foo.*?/i)]
in left exists in right [?(@.size in [‘S’, ‘M’])]
nin left does not exists in right
subsetof left is a subset of right [?(@.sizes subsetof [‘S’, ‘M’, ‘L’])]
anyof left has an intersection with right [?(@.sizes anyof [‘M’, ‘L’])]
noneof left has no intersection with right [?(@.sizes noneof [‘M’, ‘L’])]
size size of left (array or string) should match right
empty left (array or string) should be empty
A has an intersection with B; 
A 与 B 有交集

Path Examples

Given the json

{
"store": {
"book": [
{
"category": "reference",
"author": "Nigel Rees",
"title": "Sayings of the Century",
"price": 8.95
},
{
"category": "fiction",
"author": "Evelyn Waugh",
"title": "Sword of Honour",
"price": 12.99
},
{
"category": "fiction",
"author": "Herman Melville",
"title": "Moby Dick",
"isbn": "0-553-21311-3",
"price": 8.99
},
{
"category": "fiction",
"author": "J. R. R. Tolkien",
"title": "The Lord of the Rings",
"isbn": "0-395-19395-8",
"price": 22.99
}
],
"bicycle": {
"color": "red",
"price": 19.95
}
},
"expensive": 10
}
JsonPath (click link to try) Result
$.store.book[*].author The authors of all books
$…author All authors
$.store.* All things, both books and bicycles
$.store…price The price of everything
$…book[2] The third book
$…book[-2] The second to last book
$…book[0,1] The first two books
$…book[:2] All books from index 0 (inclusive) until index 2 (exclusive)
$…book[1:2] All books from index 1 (inclusive) until index 2 (exclusive)
$…book[-2:] Last two books
$…book[2:] Book number two from tail
$…book[?(@.isbn)] All books with an ISBN number
$.store.book[?(@.price < 10)] All books in store cheaper than 10
$…book[?(@.price <= $[‘expensive’])] All books in store that are not “expensive”
$…book[?(@.author =~ /.*REES/i)] All books matching regex (ignore case)
$…* Give me every thing
$…book.length() The number of books

Reading a Document

The simplest most straight forward way to use JsonPath is via the static read API.

使用 JsonPath 最简单最直接的方法是通过静态读取 API。

String json = "...";

List<String> authors = JsonPath.read(json, "$.store.book[*].author");

If you only want to read once this is OK. In case you need to read an other path as well this is not the way to go since the document will be parsed every time you call JsonPath.read(…). To avoid the problem you can parse the json first.

如果您只想阅读一次,这是可以的。如果您还需要读取其他路径,这不是可行的方法,因为每次调用 JsonPath.read(…) 时都会解析文档。为了避免这个问题,你可以先解析json。

String json = "...";
Object document = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(json);

String author0 = JsonPath.read(document, "$.store.book[0].author");
String author1 = JsonPath.read(document, "$.store.book[1].author");

JsonPath also provides a fluent API. This is also the most flexible one.

JsonPath 还提供了流畅的 API。这也是最灵活的一种。

String json = "...";

ReadContext ctx = JsonPath.parse(json);

List<String> authorsOfBooksWithISBN = ctx.read("$.store.book[?(@.isbn)].author");


List<Map<String, Object>> expensiveBooks = JsonPath
.using(configuration)
.parse(json)
.read("$.store.book[?(@.price > 10)]", List.class);

What is Returned When?

When using JsonPath in java its important to know what type you expect in your result. JsonPath will automatically try to cast the result to the type expected by the invoker.

在 java 中使用 JsonPath 时,重要的是要知道您在结果中期望什么类型。 JsonPath 将自动尝试将结果转换为调用者期望的类型。

//Will throw an java.lang.ClassCastException    
List<String> list = JsonPath.parse(json).read("$.store.book[0].author")

//Works fine
String author = JsonPath.parse(json).read("$.store.book[0].author")

When evaluating a path you need to understand the concept of when a path is definite. A path is indefinite if it contains:

你需要理解何为绝对,何为相对

  • .. - a deep scan operator
  • ?(<expression>) - an expression
  • [<number>, <number> (, <number>)] - multiple array indexes

Indefinite paths always returns a list (as represented by current JsonProvider).

相对path常常返回list

By default a simple object mapper is provided by the MappingProvider SPI. This allows you to specify the return type you want and the MappingProvider will try to perform the mapping. In the example below mapping between Long and Date is demonstrated.

你可以指定期望的返回类型,mapper会尝试进行映射

String json = "{\"date_as_long\" : 1411455611975}";

Date date = JsonPath.parse(json).read("$['date_as_long']", Date.class);

If you configure JsonPath to use JacksonMappingProvider or GsonMappingProvider you can even map your JsonPath output directly into POJO’s.

Book book = JsonPath.parse(json).read("$.store.book[0]", Book.class);

To obtain full generics type information, use TypeRef.

要获取完整的泛型类型信息,请使用 TypeRef。

TypeRef<List<String>> typeRef = new TypeRef<List<String>>() {};

List<String> titles = JsonPath.parse(JSON_DOCUMENT).read("$.store.book[*].title", typeRef);

Predicates # 判断

There are three different ways to create filter predicates in JsonPath.

Inline Predicates

Inline predicates are the ones defined in the path.

List<Map<String, Object>> books =  JsonPath.parse(json)
.read("$.store.book[?(@.price < 10)]");

You can use && and || to combine multiple predicates [?(@.price < 10 && @.category == 'fiction')] , [?(@.category == 'reference' || @.price > 10)].

You can use ! to negate a predicate [?(!(@.price < 10 && @.category == 'fiction'))].

Filter Predicates

Predicates can be built using the Filter API as shown below:

import static com.jayway.jsonpath.JsonPath.parse;
import static com.jayway.jsonpath.Criteria.where;
import static com.jayway.jsonpath.Filter.filter;
...
...

Filter cheapFictionFilter = filter(
where("category").is("fiction").and("price").lte(10D)
);

List<Map<String, Object>> books =
parse(json).read("$.store.book[?]", cheapFictionFilter);

Notice the placeholder ? for the filter in the path. When multiple filters are provided they are applied in order where the number of placeholders must match the number of provided filters. You can specify multiple predicate placeholders in one filter operation [?, ?], both predicates must match.

'?'的数目 必须与过滤器的数目相匹配

Filters can also be combined with ‘OR’ and ‘AND’

Filter fooOrBar = filter(
where("foo").exists(true)).or(where("bar").exists(true)
);

Filter fooAndBar = filter(
where("foo").exists(true)).and(where("bar").exists(true)
);

Roll Your Own

Third option is to implement your own predicates

Predicate booksWithISBN = new Predicate() {
@Override
public boolean apply(PredicateContext ctx) {
return ctx.item(Map.class).containsKey("isbn");
}
};

List<Map<String, Object>> books =
reader.read("$.store.book[?].isbn", List.class, booksWithISBN);

Path vs Value

In the Goessner implementation a JsonPath can return either Path or Value. Value is the default and what all the examples above are returning. If you rather have the path of the elements our query is hitting this can be achieved with an option.

可以指定option来返回path(默认返回value)

Configuration conf = Configuration.builder()
.options(Option.AS_PATH_LIST).build();

List<String> pathList = using(conf).parse(json).read("$..author");

assertThat(pathList).containsExactly(
"$['store']['book'][0]['author']",
"$['store']['book'][1]['author']",
"$['store']['book'][2]['author']",
"$['store']['book'][3]['author']");

Set a value

The library offers the possibility to set a value.

String newJson = JsonPath.parse(json).set("$['store']['book'][0]['author']", "Paul").jsonString();

Tweaking Configuration

Options

When creating your Configuration there are a few option flags that can alter the default behaviour.

DEFAULT_PATH_LEAF_TO_NULL
This option makes JsonPath return null for missing leafs. Consider the following json

不存在的key返回NULL

[
{
"name" : "john",
"gender" : "male"
},
{
"name" : "ben"
}
]
Configuration conf = Configuration.defaultConfiguration();

//Works fine
String gender0 = JsonPath.using(conf).parse(json).read("$[0]['gender']");
//PathNotFoundException thrown
String gender1 = JsonPath.using(conf).parse(json).read("$[1]['gender']");

Configuration conf2 = conf.addOptions(Option.DEFAULT_PATH_LEAF_TO_NULL);

//Works fine
String gender0 = JsonPath.using(conf2).parse(json).read("$[0]['gender']");
//Works fine (null is returned)
String gender1 = JsonPath.using(conf2).parse(json).read("$[1]['gender']");

ALWAYS_RETURN_LIST
This option configures JsonPath to return a list even when the path is definite.

永远返回List

Configuration conf = Configuration.defaultConfiguration();

//ClassCastException thrown
List<String> genders0 = JsonPath.using(conf).parse(json).read("$[0]['gender']");

Configuration conf2 = conf.addOptions(Option.ALWAYS_RETURN_LIST);

//Works fine
List<String> genders0 = JsonPath.using(conf2).parse(json).read("$[0]['gender']");

SUPPRESS_EXCEPTIONS
This option makes sure no exceptions are propagated from path evaluation. It follows these simple rules:

路径计算不返回异常

  • If option ALWAYS_RETURN_LIST is present an empty list will be returned
  • If option ALWAYS_RETURN_LIST is NOT present null returned

REQUIRE_PROPERTIES This option configures JsonPath to require properties defined in path when an indefinite path is evaluated.

必须绝对路径

Configuration conf = Configuration.defaultConfiguration();

//Works fine
List<String> genders = JsonPath.using(conf).parse(json).read("$[*]['gender']");

Configuration conf2 = conf.addOptions(Option.REQUIRE_PROPERTIES);

//PathNotFoundException thrown
List<String> genders = JsonPath.using(conf2).parse(json).read("$[*]['gender']");

JsonProvider SPI

JsonPath is shipped with five different JsonProviders:

Changing the configuration defaults as demonstrated should only be done when your application is being initialized. Changes during runtime is strongly discouraged, especially in multi threaded applications.

仅在初始化应用程序时才应按照演示更改配置默认值。强烈建议不要在运行时进行更改,尤其是在多线程应用程序中。

Configuration.setDefaults(new Configuration.Defaults() {

private final JsonProvider jsonProvider = new JacksonJsonProvider();
private final MappingProvider mappingProvider = new JacksonMappingProvider();

@Override
public JsonProvider jsonProvider() {
return jsonProvider;
}

@Override
public MappingProvider mappingProvider() {
return mappingProvider;
}

@Override
public Set<Option> options() {
return EnumSet.noneOf(Option.class);
}
});

Note that the JacksonJsonProvider requires com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.4.5 and the GsonJsonProvider requires com.google.code.gson:gson:2.3.1 on your classpath.

Cache SPI

In JsonPath 2.1.0 a new Cache SPI was introduced. This allows API consumers to configure path caching in a way that suits their needs. The cache must be configured before it is accesses for the first time or a JsonPathException is thrown. JsonPath ships with two cache implementations

  • com.jayway.jsonpath.spi.cache.LRUCache (default, thread safe)
  • com.jayway.jsonpath.spi.cache.NOOPCache (no cache)

If you want to implement your own cache the API is simple.

CacheProvider.setCache(new Cache() {
//Not thread safe simple cache
private Map<String, JsonPath> map = new HashMap<String, JsonPath>();

@Override
public JsonPath get(String key) {
return map.get(key);
}

@Override
public void put(String key, JsonPath jsonPath) {
map.put(key, jsonPath);
}
});